MNAMO Februari 2017, miaka sita sasa imepita, niliandika, kupitia ukurusa wangu wa Facebook, makala haya kuelekea kuadhimisha miaka 50 ya Azimio la Arusha. Niliamua kurudi kuisoma makala hii tena kutokana na sababu mbili haswa.
Moja, nilipokuwa katika ziara ya chama chetu cha ACT-Wazalendo, chama ninachokiongoza, katika mikoa nane ya Tanzania Bara, ziara ambayo imekamilika hivi karibuni, nilikutana na umasikini wa kutisha wa Watanzania.
Kama kawaida yangu, niliwaeleza wananchi kwamba umasikini wa Tanzania unatokana na Serikali kutojali sekta ya kilimo.
Nilipokuwa Tabora, kwa mfano, nilieleza hili kwa kina, kwamba sura ya umasikini wa Tanzania ni wakulima; kwamba sekta ya kilimo ni tegemezi kwa theluthi mbili ya Watanzania lakini mchango wake kwenye Pato la Taifa ni theluthi moja tu.
Kwa hiyo, kipato kidogo kinagawiwa kwa watu wengi sana. Kisha nikapendekeza suala la kisera kuwa, kama ilivyo kwenye sekta ya madini, au mafuta na gesi, Serikali itunge Sheria ya Maendeleo ya Kilimo itakayoweka mfumo mahususi wa kodi kwa sekta yetu ya kilimo tu.
Mfumo ambao utakuwa imara kwa muda mrefu ili kuvutia uwekezaji kwenye kilimo na kuhakikisha kuwa mkulima anapata angalau asilimia 80 ya bei ya bidhaa yake katika Soko la Dunia, kwa mazao ya biashara.
Mbili, Serikali ilikuwa inazindua rasmi mpango wa kuwachochea vijana kushiriki kwenye kilimo uitwao BBT-YAI. Mpango huu, pamoja na mambo mengine, una shabaha ya kuongeza kasi ya ukuaji wa sekta ya kilimo mpaka kufikia asilimia 10 ifikapo mwaka 2030.
Shabaha hii ikifikiwa, na ikawa endelevu kwa miaka mitano mfululizo, tutafuta ufukara kabisa nchini kwetu.
Ni muhimu kukumbuka kwamba tafiti zilizowahi kufanyika nchini zinaonesha kwamba iwapo sekta ya kilimo Tanzania itakuwa na kasi ya ukuaji wa kati ya asilimia sita mpaka asilimia nane kwa miaka mitatu mfululizo, asilimia 50 ya Watanzania wataondoka kwenye dimbwi la umasikini. Hali itakuwaje kasi ya ukuaji ikifika asilimia 10?
Ni dhahiri itakuwa ni mafanikio makubwa na kwa mara ya kwanza tutaweza kusimama kifua mbele na kusema kuwa umasikini sasa basi. Hata hivyo, mashaka ni mengi sana. Mzee Jakaya Kikwete, Rais wa awamu ya nne wa Tanzania, alipata kusema wasiwasi, au mashaka, ndiyo akili!
Kumekuwa na mipango kama hii hapa nchini katika miaka ya uhai wetu kama taifa. Nilitafakari kama tunapozindua mpango huu wa BBT-YAI tulijifunza kutokana na makosa ya nyuma yaliyopelekea mipango kama hii kushindwa. Ndipo nikakumbuka makala haya ya kulinganisha Tanzania na Malaysia miaka ya 1970-1990.
Nimeyasoma makala haya tena na tena na, kwa hakika, siwezi kubadili hata nukta. Ni makala natamani kila mtunga sera ayasome. Kuna mafunzo makubwa kutoka nchi ya Malaysia. Karibu usome makala haya na pia kunipatia mrejesho wako:
Wakati Tanganyika inapata uhuru mwaka 1961, nchi ya Malaysia ilikuwa tayari ina uhuru miaka minne kabla, ikipata uhuru wake mwaka 1957. Malaysia ilijiunga na Singapore, Sabah na Sarawak mnamo Septemba 16, 1963, kuunda nchi ya Malaysia.
Tanganyika ilijiunga na Jamhuri ya Watu wa Zanzibar kuunda Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania miezi saba baadaye. Hata hivyo, Singapore ilifukuzwa kutoka katika Muungano wa Malaysia hapo Agosti 1965 kutokana na kutofautiana kisera kuhusu watu wa asili na namna ya kuwalinda kiuchumi.
Viongozi wa Kuala Lumpur walitaka kuweka sera za kusaidia wazawa kwa kuwapa upendeleo maalumu, wakati viongozi wa Singapore, chini ya Lee Kuan Yew, walitaka kuwepo na Malaysia moja kwa wote bila upendeleo maalumu kwa Bumiputera, watu wa asili wa taifa hilo.
Singapore ina wakazi wengi zaidi wahamiaji kutoka China, hivyo ilipinga wazo hilo na ikajitoa kwenye muungano. Tanzania imeendelea kudumu na muungano licha ya changamoto kadhaa zinazoukabili! Tanzania na Malaysia zote zilitawaliwa na Mwingereza.
Wakati Tanzania inaundwa mwaka 1964, pato la wastani la mtu mmoja lilikuwa Dola za Kimarekani 63, sawa na Sh130,000, wakati Malaysia ilikuwa na pato la Dola za Kimarekani 113, sawa na Sh250,000.
Kimsingi, nchi hizi zilikuwa sawa kimaendeleo ingawa Tanzania ni kubwa kwa zaidi ya mara tatu ya Malaysia.
Hivi sasa [Februari 2017], Malaysia kipato cha wastani cha mwananchi ni Dola za Kimarekani 10,000, sawa na Shilingi milioni 22, na Tanzania ni Dola za Kimarekani 600, swa na Shilingi milioni 1.3.
Kwa Tanzania, pato la wastani limeongezeka mara kumi takribani na kwa Malaysia limeongezeka mara elfu moja! Nini tofauti ya mikakati ya maendeleo ya nchi hizi mbili?
KILIMO KILIVYOIVUSHA MALAYSIA
Leo tutaangalia eneo moja tu, la kilimo, na namna kilimo kilivyoweza kuivusha nchi ya Malaysia na kilimo hicho hicho bado hakijaweza kuivusha Tanzania.
Malaysia iliunda Shirika la Umma linaloitwa Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA), likiwa na wajibu mmoja mkubwa wa kuhakikisha wananchi maskini wanapata ardhi, wanalima kisasa, na kuongeza uzalishaji na hivyo kufuta umasikini.
Kila mwananchi maskini aligawiwa ardhi yenye ukubwa wa hekta 4.1, ardhi husika ikasafishwa na kuwekwa miundombinu yote muhimu ya kilimo, ikapandwa michikichi, na mwananchi akapata huduma za ugani ili kukuza michikichi hiyo.
Shughuli zote hizi zilifanywa kwa gharama za Serikali, na wananchi wale wakapewa kama mkopo ambao walikuwa wanaulipa kidogo kidogo kila wanapovuna na kuuza migazi/mawese kwa shirika hili la FELDA.
Hivi sasa FELDA ni shirika kubwa sana, lina thamani ya Dola za Kimarekani bilioni 3.5, sawa na takribani Shilingi trilioni 7.7, na kupitia ushirika wao, wananchi hawa waliopewa ardhi ya kulima michikichi, sasa wanamiliki asilimia 20 ya hisa za shirika hilo!
Malaysia iliweza kuondoa umasikini kutoka asilimia 57 ya wananchi wanaoishi kwenye dimbwi la umaskini mwaka 1965 mpaka chini ya asilimia tatu mwaka 2012. FELDA sasa ni shirika la kimataifa, maana linaanza kuwekeza duniani kote.
FELDA ilipouza hisa zake kwenye masoko ya mitaji, au IPO, ambayo ni mauzo ya hisa hadharani kwa mara ya kwanza, ilikuwa ni ya tatu kwa ukubwa baada ya makampuni ya Facebook na Japanese Airlines.
Shirika la umma linalomilikiwa na Serikali, wakulima na Mfuko wa Hifadhi ya Jamii (EPF) na linaloendeshwa kwa misingi ya utawala bora wa makampuni, FELDA limeweza kufuta umaskini kwa zao moja tu la michikichi.
Malaysia leo inaongoza kwa kuuza mawese duniani. Michikichi hiyo ilitoka Kigoma, Tanzania, na kupelekwa Malaya na Waingereza kwenye miaka ya 1950!
TUNAPOKWAMA WATANZANIA
Tanzania nasi tulikuwa na shirika la umma kwa ajili ya kilimo, leo tuchukulie Shirika la Chakula na Kilimo (NAFCO).
Kama FELDA, NAFCO walichukua ardhi kubwa maeneo kadhaa nchini. Tofauti na FELDA, hata hivyo, wao NAFCO walilima wenyewe mashamba haya na kuweka miundombinu ya kilimo.
Tuchukue mfano wa mashamba ya mpunga kule Kapunga, wilaya ya Mbarali, mkoani Mbeya. Mnamo mwaka 1985, NAFCO walikwenda kijijini Kapunga kuwaomba wananchi wawape ardhi ya kulima mpunga.
Wananchi wakawapa hekta 3,000 hivi, kwa mujibu wa muhtasari wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Kijiji niliooneshwa mwaka 2009 nilipokwenda kutembelea mashamba haya kufuatia mgogoro wa ubinafsishaji.
NAFCO wakapata msaada kutoka Serikali ya Japan na uwekezaji mkubwa ukafanyika, ikiwemo kuweka kinu cha kukoboa mpunga cha kisasa kabisa.
Hata hivyo, NAFCO ilijiendesha kwa hasara, kwa sababu ambazo sitazieleza kwenye makala haya, na ilipofika katikati ya miaka ya 1990 ikaamuriwa kubinafsishwa. NAFCO ikauza mashamba yale kupitia Mpango wa Ubinafsishaji kwa Kampuni Binafsi.
Katika uuzaji huo, NAFCO waliuza hekta 3,500 badala ya 3,000 walizopewa na wananchi, maana yake ni kwamba kijiji cha Kapunga nacho pia kiliuzwa!
TOFAUTI ZA KIFIKRA
Mifano hii miwili inaonesha tofauti kubwa za kifikra na kimaendeleo kati ya nchi hizi mbili. Moja iliwezesha wananchi kumiliki ardhi na imefanikiwa.
Nyingine iliamua kufanya kupitia shirika la umma, na baada ya kushindwa, badala ya kurejesha ardhi kwa wananchi na kuwawezesha kulima, ardhi ile ikauzwa kwa kampuni ya mtu mmoja!
Ujamaa wa Malaysia ulikuwa ni wa kumilikisha wananchi wao ardhi na kuwawezesha kuzalisha. Ujamaa wetu hapa Tanzania ulikuwa ni wa kumiliki kwa pamoja na faida ya mavuno kufaidisha wananchi wote.
Njia iliyotumika Malaysia ilifanikiwa, njia yetu, kwa sababu ya ufisadi na kukosekana uwajibikaji, haikufanikiwa.
Badala ya kuboresha kwa kujaribu njia ya kijamaa ya Malaysia tuliona ni bora kufuata njia ya kibepari ya kugawa ardhi hovyo kwa wakulima wakubwa na wachache, na kuwaacha wananchi wetu wakiwa mafukara kabisa!
Mwandishi wa Makala haya Zitto Kabwe ni Kiongozi wa ACT-Wazalendo. Unaweza kumpata Twitter kupitia @zittokabwe.
Sasa SERIKALI IMEHAMIA RASMI DODOMA (SERIKALI IMENUNUA MAENEO YA KIKUYU DODOMA) NA WAWEZA PATA HUDUMA ZA KIBALOZI UKIWA DODOMA KWA KUTUMIA ANUANI ZIFUATAZO… “SASA PATA HUDUMA ZA KIBALOZI ZAIDI YA 67 UKIWA KARIBU KABISA KATIKATI YA NCHI DODOMA” HAKIKA TUNAJALI WAGENI (INDIGENEOUS PEOPLE FIGHTERS KUHAMISHWA NA JESHI LA JWTZ, SUMA JKT, WANAMAJI, KOMANDOO, POLISI, MAGEREZA)
1 H.E. The Ambassador,
Lt. Gen. (Rtd.) Anselem Nhamo Sanyatwe,
High Commission of the Republic of Zimbabwe,
Plot 298, Kikuyu Road,
P .O Box 906,
Dodoma.
2 H.E. The Ambassador,
Mathew Jere
High Commission of the Republic of Zambia
Plot 5 & 6 Ohio/ Kikuyu Road
P .O Box 904,
Dodoma.
3
Embassy of the Yemen
804, Kikuyu Road, Mikocheni Area
P .O Box 905,
Dodoma.
4 H.E The Ambassador,
Vo Thanh Nam,
Embassy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Plot No.15, Kikuyu Road, Oysterbay
P .O Box 908,
Dodoma.
5 H.E. The Ambassador,
Michael A. Battle Sr.
Embassy of the United States of America
686 Kikuyu Road, Msasani
P .O Box 910, Dodoma.
6 H.E. Head of Mission
Gen. Fred Mwesigye
High Commission of the Republic of Uganda
Kikuyu Road, Plot No. 25, Oysterbay
P .O Box 9013,
Dodoma.
7 H.E. The Ambassador
Khalifa AbdulRahman Al Marzouqi
Embassy of the United ARAB EMIRATES
Plot No. 375, Kikuyu Road, Oysterbay
P .O Box 9103,
Dodoma.
8 H.E. The Ambassador
Dr Sawsan Alani,
Embassy of the Syrian Arab Republic
49 Kikuyu Road, Upanga East,
P.O. Box. 2442,
# Dodoma..
9 H.E. The Ambassador
Dr. Mehment Gulluoglu
Embassy of the Republic of Turkey
Kikuyu Road 8, Plot no. 97
P.O. Box 21761,
Dodoma
10 H.E. The Ambassador
Didier Chassot
Embassy of the Swiss Confederation
Plot 79, Kikuyu Road,
P.O. Box 2454,
Dodoma.
11 H.E. The Ambassador,
Mhe. Charlotta Ozaki Macias
Embassy of Sweden
Kikuyu Road / Garden Avenue
P.O. Box 9274,
Dodoma
12 H.E. The Ambassador
Dr Yassir Ali
Embassy of the Republic of Sudan
Plot 64. Kikuyu Road, Upanga
P.O. Box. 2266,
Dodoma
13 H.E. The Ambassador,
Loyang Johnson Okot Jekery
Embassy of the Republic of South Sudan
Msasani, Kikuyu Road,
Near Dar International Academy
Dodoma
14 The Ambassador,
Jorge Moragas Sánches
Embassy of the Kingdom of Spain
Plot No. 99b, Kikuyu Road
P.O. Box 842,
Dodoma.
15 The Ambassador,
Noluthando Mayende-Malepe
High Commission of the Republic of South Africa
1338/9 Kikuyu Road, Masaki
P.O. Box 10723,
Dodoma
16 H.E. The Ambassador,
Abdalla Ali M. Alsheryan
Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia
Ali bin Said, Oysterbay, Plot No. 113, Kikuyu Road
P.O. Box. 238,
Dodoma
17 H.E. The Ambassador,
Zahra Ali Hassan,
Embassy of the Somali Republic
Kikuyu Road, Oysterbay, Plot No. 333 A
P .O Box 1903,
Dodoma..
18 H.E. The Ambassador,
Mr. Mahyub Sidina
Embassy of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic
Plot No. 410 C Mikocheni, Kikuyu Road
P .O Box 2903,
Dodoma.
19 H.E. The Ambassador,
Andrey Levonovish Avetsyan
Embassy of the Russian Federation
Plot No. 3 &5, Kikuyu Road
P .O Box 6903,
Dodoma.
20 H.E. The Ambassador,
Hussain bin Ahmad Al Homaid,
Embassy of the State of Qatar
Plot No. 345, Kikuyu Road,
Tour Drive, Oysterbay,
P .O Box 7904, Dodoma.
21 H.E. The Ambassador,
Tri Yogo Jatmiko
High Commission of the Republic of Rwanda
Haile Selassie Road, Plot No. 452, Kikuyu Road
P .O Box 2918903,
Dodoma.
22 HE. Ambassador
Krzysztof Buzalski
Embassy of the Republic of Poland
Kikuyu Road, Plot 110,
P.O. Box 9210,
Dodoma.
23 H.E. Ambassador
Dr Nasri Khalil Abu Jaish
Embassy of the State of Palestine
612 Kikuyu Road,
Mindu Street, Upanga West
P.O. Box 20307,
Dodoma.
24 The Ambassador,
Saud Hilal Al Shidhani
Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman
Plot No. 810, Kikuyu Road,
Mikocheni Area (Beside Regency Park Hotel)
P.O. Box. 34741,
#Dodoma.
25 H.E. High Commissioner
Muhammad Saleem,
High Commission of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Plot. No. 338, H.No. MKC/1259,
Kikuyu Road, Mikocheni B,
P.O. Box 61336,
Dodoma.
26 The Ambassador
Elisabeth Jacobsen
Royal Norwegian Embassy
160 Kikuyu Road,
P.O. Box 2646,
Dodoma.
27 H.E. The Ambassador,
Hamisu Umar Takalmawa
High Commission of The Federal Republic of Nigeria
83 Kikuyu Road, Oysterbay,
P.O. Box 9214,
Dodoma.
28 H.E. The Ambassador,
Wiebe Jokob De Boer
Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
4th floor, UmojaHouse, Kikuyu Road,
P.O. Box 9534,
Dodoma
29 H.E. The Ambassador,
Zakaria El Goumiri
Embassy of the Kingdom of Morocco
Plot No. 38A, Kikuyu Road, Oystebay,
Dodoma.
30 High Commissioner
Andrew P.E.Z. Kumwenda
High Commission of the Republic of MALAWI
Plot 310, Kikuyu Road
P.O. Box 7616,
Dodoma.
31 H.E. The Ambassador,
Jaseem Al Najem
Embassy of the State of Kuwait
Peninsula Building Complex,
Plot No. 1403/1, Second Floor (Masaki), Kikuyu Road
P.O. Box. 105818,
Dodoma
32 H.E. The Ambassador,
Kim Youngsu,
Embassy of the State of Libya
Kikuyu Road No. 386,
P.O. Box 9413,
Dodoma.
33 H.E. The Ambassador,
Kim Sun Pyo
Embassy of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Plot 309, Kikuyu Road, Mikocheni
P.O. Box 2690,
Dodoma.
H.E. The Ambassador,
Tae-ick Cho
Embassy of the Republic of Korea
Golden Jubilee Tower,19th floor, Kikuyu Road,
P.O. Box 1154,
Dodoma..
34 H.E. The Ambassador,
Yasushi Misawa
Embassy of Japan
Plot No. 1018 Kikuyu Road,
P.O. Box. 2577,
Dodoma.
35 H.E. The Ambassador,
Mhe. Isaack Njenga Gatitu
High Commission of the Republic of Kenya
Harambee Plaza , Kikuyu Road,
Kaunda Drive Junction, Oysterbay,
P.O. Box 5231,
Dodoma
36 H.E. The Ambassador,
Marco Lombardi
Embassy of the Republic of Italy
Kikuyu Road, 316 (Upanga)
P.O. Box 2106,
Dodoma
37 H.E. The Ambassador,
Mary O’Neil
Embassy of the Republic of Ireland
353 Toure Drive, Kikuyu Road
P.O. Box 9612,
Dodoma
38 H.E. The Ambassador,
Triyogo Jatmiko
Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia
299, Kikuyu Road,
P.O. Box. 572,
Dodoma
39 H.E. The Ambassador,
Hossein Alvand Behineh
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Masaki, Chole/Haile Selasie Road Plot No. 581 Kikuyu Road, Oysterbay
P.O. Box 5802,
Dodoma.
40 H.E. The Ambassador,
Binaya Srikanta Pradhan
High Commission of the Republic of India
82, Kikuyu Road
P.O. Box 2684,
Dodoma.
H.E. The Ambassador,
Nabil Hajlaoui
Embassy of the Republic of France
7 Kikuyu Road, (Corner Kilimani Road),
P.O. Box. 2349,
Dodoma.
41 H.E. The Ambassador,
Regine Hess
Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany
Umoja House, 2nd Floor, Hamburg Avenue/ Kikuyu Road
P.O. Box 9541,
Dodoma. .
42 H.E. The Ambassador,
Shibru Kedida
Embassy of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Kikuyu Road, Oyster Bay,
P.O. Box 20793,
Dodoma.
43 H.E. The Ambassador,
Kyle Michael Nunas
High Commission of Canada
38 Kikuyu Road/ Garden Avenue,
P.O. Box 1022,
Dodoma.
44 H.E. The Ambassador,
Gustavo Martins Nogueira
Embassy of the Federative Republic of Brazil
2nd Floor, Rooms 201-202, Coco Plaza office Complex,
Kikuyu Road, Plot No. 254,
Toure Drive, Msasani Penisula
P.O. Box. 105818,
Dodoma.
45 H.E. The Ambassador,
Tereza Zitting
Embassy of Finland
Kikuyu Road/Garden Avenue
P. O. Box 2455
Dodoma
46 H.E. The Ambassador,
Sherif Abdelhamid Imam Ismail
Embassy of the Arab Republic of Egypt
24 Kikuyu Road
P.O. Box 1668
Dodoma.
47 H.E. The Ambassador,
Damptey Bediako Asare
Royal Danish Embassy
Kikuyu Road
P.O.Box 9171
Dodoma
H.E. The Ambassador,
Yordenis Despaigne Vera
Embassy of the Cuba
Lugalo Road Plot 313
P.O.Box 9282
Dodoma
48 H.E. The Ambassador,
Jean -Pierre Kassala
Embassy of the Democratic Republic of Congo
438 Kikuyu Road, Upanga
P.O.Box 975
Dodoma
49 H.E. The Ambassador,
Dr. Ahamada El Badaoui Mohamed Fakih
Embassy of Comoros
Kikuyu Road,
Plot No. 967,
(Near Rose Garden)
Mikocheni B,
Dodoma.
50 H.E. The Ambassador,
Chen Mingjian
Embassy of The People’s Republic of China
2 Kajificheni Close,
Kikuyu Road,
P.O. Box 1649
Dodoma
51 H.E. The Ambassador,
Gervais Abayeho
Embassy of The Republic of Burundi
1007, Kikuyu Road, Upanga East
P.O.Box 2752
Dodoma
52 HE. High Commissioner
David Concar
British High Commission
Umoja House, 3rd Floor, Kikuyu Road
P.O.Box 9200
Dodoma
53 H.E. The Ambassador,
Peter Hyghebaert
Embassy of the Kingdom of Belgium
5 Kikuyu Road,
P.O.Box 9210,
Dodoma.
54 H.E. The Ambassador,
Sandro de Oliveira,
Embassy of Republic of Angola
Plot No. 1016 – Msasani Penisula, Buswagi Street,
Kikuyu Road, P.O. Box 20793
Dodoma.
H.E. The Ambassador,
Ahmed Djelal
Embassy of the Democratic People’s Republic of Algeria
34, Kikuyu Road
P.O. Box 2963
Dodoma,
55 H.E. The Archbishop,
Angelo Accattino,
Vatican Embassy
Plot N. 146
Kikuyu Road,
Oyesterbay
P.O. Box 480
Dodoma